INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER WELLS POLLUTION DUE TO WASTE WATER IN THE ERBIL CENTRAL SUB-BASIN (ERBIL, IRAQ)
Thesis Type: Postgraduate
Institution Of The Thesis: Van Yüzüncü Yil University, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, Turkey
Approval Date: 2021
Thesis Language: English
Student: Jawhar Mohammed-Shukur TAWFEEQ
Principal Supervisor (For Co-Supervisor Theses): Erkan Dişli
Co-Supervisor: Masuod Hussen Hamed
Abstract:
The study area, the Erbil Central Sub-Basin, is
located within the foothill zone in the stable shelf tectonic unit of Iraq
(northern Iraq) in the Arabian plate. Recently, groundwater demand has
increased significantly due to insufficient surface water resources for
agricultural, industrial, and domestic water uses depend on ever-increasing
socio-economic development and population in the Central Sub-Basin of Erbil. In
this study, sampling studies were carried out in two different periods, May
2020 and September 2020, to determine the water quality in water resources
located throughout the sub-basin. For this purpose, a total of 30 samples,
including 27 groundwater wells, and 3 waste water samples from channels, were
collected and analyzed.The general hydrochemical analysis indicates that
overall water quality suitable for drinking purposes except where elevated NO3,
COD, BOD5 concentrations are found. Most trace metal analysis results (except
for Fe)
in wells and wastewater channels show that they are below the
permissible limits (0.3 mg/L) from IQWS
(2010) and WHO guidelines (2011). The
results of the factor analysis for the wet and dry season hydrogeochemical
indicate that the first five and six-component extracted have eigenvalues>1
and correspond to approximately 94.844 and 96.26 % of the total variance, respectively.
The factor analysis indicated that groundwater quality in the wet and dry
season are significantly associated with anthropogenic pollution sources
such as leaching from soil layers,
cesspools wastes, industrial wastes, and agriculture activities rather
than natural, geogenic processes such as
reverse ion exchange, the weathering of carbonate minerals from
geologic formations outcropping throughout the Erbil Central Sub-Basin