Morphine Induces Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress via Activation of TRPM2 Channel and Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathways in the Hippocampus


Osmanlıoğlu Ö., Yıldırım M., Akyuva Y., Yıldızhan K., Nazıroğlu M.

MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY, cilt.57, sa.8, ss.3376-3389, 2020 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 57 Sayı: 8
  • Basım Tarihi: 2020
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s12035-020-01975-6
  • Dergi Adı: MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, EMBASE, MEDLINE
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.3376-3389
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Apoptosis, Nitric oxide, Mitochondria, Morphine, TRPM2 channel, L-ARGININE, CONTRIBUTES, INVOLVEMENT, DYSFUNCTION, MICE
  • Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Morphine as an opioid is an important drug in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Several stress factors via generation of nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress (OS) are responsible for the adverse effects of morphine-induced analgesia, addiction, and antinociceptive tolerance, including altered Ca(2+)concentration, inflammation, OS, and release of apoptotic factors. TRPM2 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel and it is activated by OS and NO. Hence, adverse effect of morphine addiction may occur via the OS and NO-induced TRPM2 activation. Because of the unclear etiology of morphine-induced adverse effects in the hippocampus, investigating the involvement of TRPM2 and NO synthetase (NOS) activations in the treatment of morphine-induced OS, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation is a major challenge. The hippocampal neuron of TRPM2 wild-type (TRPM2-WT) and knockout (TRPM2-KO) mice were divided into control, morphine, NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) + morphine, and TRPM2 channel blockers (ACA and 2-APB) + morphine. The morphine-induced increases of apoptosis, neuron death, OS, lipid peroxidation, caspase-3 and caspase-9, neuroinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6), and Ca(2+)levels in the hippocampal neuron of TRPM2-WT mouse were decreased by the L-NAME, ACA, and 2-APB treatments, although cell viability, neuron count, and reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels were increased by the treatments. However, the effects of morphine were not observed in the hippocampus of TRPM2-KO mice. Taken together, our data show that neurodegeneration adverse effects of morphine were induced by activation of TRPM2, and excessive generations of NO and OS. Thus, inhibition of TRPM2 may modulate morphine-induced neurodegeneration in the hippocampus.