A Hydrogen-Assisted Ammonia-Fueled Otto Engine Scenario for 100% Carbon-Free Mobility in Heavy-Duty Vehicles: A Perspective on Stratified Charge, Water Injection, EGR and Turbocharger

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Ekin F.

9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ENGINEERING AND NATURAL SCIENCES ICAENS 2026, Konya, Türkiye, 6 - 07 Nisan 2026, ss.117-123, (Tam Metin Bildiri)

  • Yayın Türü: Bildiri / Tam Metin Bildiri
  • Basıldığı Şehir: Konya
  • Basıldığı Ülke: Türkiye
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.117-123
  • Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
  • Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Global decarbonization targets (IMO 2050, EU Euro VII, EPA 2027) mandate the phase-out of carbon-based fuels in heavy-duty transportation. This study develops a holistic conceptual system architecture for a hydrogen-assisted ammonia-fueled spark ignition (SI) Otto engine that offers 100% carbon-free operation, addressing the structural limitation of diesel engines that remain dependent on pilot fuel when operating with low-reactivity fuels such as ammonia. The original contribution of this study is structured around three main axes. First, it balances ammonia's low laminar flame speed (≈ 0.07 m/s) and narrow combustion range with hydrogen's high reactivity (≈ 2.65 m/s) through a stratified charge strategy. Second, it controls the high-temperature conditions that inevitably result from hydrogen-assisted combustion through the integration of water injection, cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and turbocharging. While water injection serves thermal balancing and knock suppression functions, EGR limits thermal NOx formation, and the turbocharger compensates for ammonia's low volumetric energy density. Third, hydrogen functions as a reactivity regulator that governs combustion kinetics, while the interaction between ammonia slip and NOx in the exhaust line creates an internal selective catalytic reduction (SCR) mechanism without requiring an external reducing agent. This study presents a system-level conceptual framework and a guiding engineering paradigm for the carbon-free transformation of internal combustion engines in heavy-duty transportation. The proposed architecture combines fuel preparation, combustion modulation, thermal management, and emission control strategies within a single integrated framework, establishing a conceptual foundation for future research.