Multi‑criteria Trade‑Offs of Alternative Fuel Blends in Dual‑Fuel Diesel Engines: A CFD and MCDM‑Based Assessment
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, cilt.1, sa.1, ss.1-35, 2026 (SCI-Expanded)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 1 Sayı: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s13369-026-11793-y
- Dergi Adı: ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest), Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), zbMATH
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-35
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study proposes an integrated engineering decision framework that combines experimentally validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making to assess low- and zero-carbon fuel strategies for a heavyduty dual-fuel diesel engine under reactivity controlled compression ignition conditions. Eighteen scenarios involving natural gas (NG), hydrogen (H2), ammonia (NH3), and methanol (CH3OH) with diesel pilot injection were investigated. Before the parametric analysis, the CFD model was verified and validated through mesh and temporal independence analyses and experimental comparisons of in-cylinder pressure, brake mean effective pressure, ignition delay, and NOx emissions, achieving strong agreement (R2 > 0.98). The validated CFD results established the physics-based quantitative evidence used to inform expert evaluation and guide the subsequent FAHP-FTOPSIS analysis, without directly determining the criterion weights. Ten domain experts performed FAHP pairwise comparisons for five criteria: cost, emissions, engine performance, renewability, and safety (CR < 0.1), while FTOPSIS integrated the resulting weights with the alternative-specific indicators to rank the fuel scenarios. Safety (36.5%) and emissions (19.5%) emerged as the dominant criteria. The CFD-based technical assessment favored hydrogen-assisted blends, whereas the integrated engineering assessment ranked NG-dominant configurations highest under current technical, economic, environmental, and safety conditions. This divergence demonstrates that technical optimum and engineering optimum are not necessarily identical and positions NG as a transition option rather than a zero-carbon endpoint. The proposed framework provides a physics-informed, modular, and transferable decisionsupport methodology, subject to case-specific modeling and validation, for evaluating alternative fuel transition strategies.