Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, cilt.23, sa.6, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Pinecone performance was investigated for Acid Blue 25 (AB 25) adsorption and experimental design was used for optimization of removal conditions. The characterization of pinecone adsorbent (PCA) samples were carried out with the FTIR, and SEM analysis. The effects of initial AB 25 concentration (20–90 mg L− 1), pH (2–12), temperature (298–318 K) and contact time (10–180 min) variables were investigated. The removal efficiencies of the 20 mg L⁻¹ initial dye concentration were found to be 71.95%, 80.22%, and 84.05% at the 298 K, 308 K, and 318 K, respectively. The removal process of AB 25 onto PCA was evaluated with isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic results. Freundlich isotherm was supplied the best fit to the obtained data compared to Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity (qₘₐₓ) reached 70.92 mg g⁻¹ at 318 K. Pseudo-second-order (PSO) model which have the highest coefficients (R²), was indicated that its suitability for describing this adsorption process among the applied kinetic models. Thermodynamic parameters for 30 mg L⁻¹ initial AB 25 adsorption at 318 K were revealed negative values of Gibbs free energy (-7372.89 J mol⁻¹), with positive values of enthalpy (22173.44 J mol⁻¹), and entropy (92.91 J mol⁻¹K⁻¹), confirming that process was spontaneous with endothermic behaviour and activation energy was obtained to be 23.22 kJ mol⁻¹. Initial AB 25 concentration, temperature and contact time were selected as independent variables and removal percentages of AB 25 were used as response values. The quadratic model which terms presenting the p < 0.05 were significant was developed and ANOVA results showed that model regression was acceptable. The reliability of optimization studies was evaluated with R2, adjusted R2 and predicted R2 values which were obtained the 0.9827, 0.9671 and 0.8646, respectively.