Research Information System
HEAT TRANSFER RESEARCH, vol.57, no.4, pp.81-98, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This study investigates the effects of Mn−YG (manganese−phthalocyanine) fuel additives on the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke spark-ignition engine. Engine tests were conducted at a constant speed of 2500 rpm under varying load conditions using two fuel blends, Mn−YG5 (5% Mn−YG by volume) and Mn−YG10 (10% Mn−YG by volume), compared with pure gasoline. The results revealed notable improvements in fuel efficiency and emission reductions, particularly at low-load conditions. The Mn−YG10 blend exhibited higher energy density and combustion efficiency, achieving reductions in specific fuel consumption of 28.82% , while Mn− YG5 achieved 29.97% compared to gasoline. Both blends substantially decreased CO and NOx emissions, with Mn−YG5 reducing NOx by 22.27% and Mn−YG10 by 17.16% . Although CO2 emissions increased under higher loads, overall reductions of 18.51% (Mn−YG5) and 12.72% (Mn−YG10) were observed. Additionally, brake thermal efficiency improved by 4.48% for Mn−YG5 and 10.39% for Mn−YG10, indicating enhanced heat-to-work conversion and reduced fuel consumption. These findings highlight the potential of Mn−YG fuel additives in improving engine performance and contributing to emission mitigation.