A Multilingual Rule-Based Web Decision Support System for Walnut Fertilization: Development and Scenario-Based Verification

Sargın B., Doğan A., Tepecik M., Kurt H.

ISPEC JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, cilt.10, sa.3, ss.836-849, 2026 (TRDizin)

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
  • Cilt numarası: 10 Sayı: 3
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Dergi Adı: ISPEC JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Central & Eastern European Academic Source (CEEAS), Directory of Open Access Journals, TR DİZİN (ULAKBİM)
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.836-849
  • Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Abstract

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) fertilization requires the joint interpretation of

orchard age, expected yield, soil fertility, leaf nutrient status, irrigationwater

quality and soil texture. This study developed and verified Version

1.1.2 of a multilingual, rule-based web decision support system. A rulebased

design was selected because the available source set provides

diagnostic thresholds and management guidance but no field-calibrated

training data, whereas explicit rules permit traceable calculations,

boundary testing and cross-language equivalence checks. The

macronutrient module combines author-defined age-specific base values,

yield-related nutrient removal, leaf N, P and K factors, soil Olsen P and

exchangeable K factors, and a heuristic age modifier. Analytical input

requirements were standardized for soil-water measurements, Olsen P,

neutral ammonium-acetate exchangeable bases and dry-matter leaf

analysis. Five orchard scenarios generated 6.7-19.9 kg N da⁻¹, 5.1-13.9

kg P₂O₅ da⁻¹ and 13.0-43.5 kg K₂O da⁻¹. Automated Chromium testing

comprised 105 assertions covering scenario-language equivalence,

boundary behavior, rejection of non-positive pH and leaf values, soft

plausibility warnings, stage-based scheduling, fertilizer conversion and

localization; all tests passed. The exact base rates and correction factors

remain author-defined prototype parameters, and sensitivity analysis

showed that suppressing the age modifier would increase affected

scenario outputs by 9.1-25.0%. The tool should therefore be treated as a

transparent research prototype until independent linguistic review,

regional calibration and field validation are completed.