Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
2nd International Congress of Health Sciences in the 21st Century, Aydın, Türkiye, 5 Kasım - 07 Aralık 2025, ss.861-870, (Tam Metin Bildiri)
Personalized nutrition (PN)
represents a transformative and novel approach in nutrition science, in which
individual genetic profiles guide tailored dietary recommendations, optimizing
health outcomes and more effectively managing chronic diseases (Singar, Nagpal, Arjmandi, & Akhavan, 2024). It emphasizes current
research highlighting key gene–diet interactions that influence various
conditions, including obesity and diabetes, suggesting that dietary
interventions may be more precise and beneficial when tailored to individual
genetic profiles. The aim of this review is to summarize the key aspects of PN,
highlighting current research, practical applications, and its potential to
improve health outcomes.
Personalized nutrition involves
the use of genetic, phenotypic, biochemical, and dietary data to analyze the
impact of nutrition on an individual’s health. The International Society of
Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics (ISNN) provides information on PN, emphasizing how
an individual’s genetic makeup, along with a range of biological and cultural
differences such as food intolerances, preferences, and allergies, can
influence responses to nutrients (Ferguson et al., 2016). PN is based on the principle
that individual genetic variations may affect how specific foods or nutrient
amounts alter disease risk. The scope of PN is further enhanced by
incorporating various phenotypic data such as body composition measurements,
physical activity levels, clinical indicators, and biochemical markers
assessing nutritional status alongside genomic information, thereby enabling
more tailored interventions (Ferguson et al., 2016). Nutrigenomics investigates
the interaction between nutrients and our genetic makeup, examining how
individual genetic variations influence our responses to dietary components.
This field holds promise for tailoring nutritional guidelines to individual health
needs and potentially improving health outcomes. The integration of genomic
science into nutrition can enhance the effectiveness of dietary interventions.
Although the field of nutritional genomics shows great potential, it is still
evolving and requires further research to fully realize its clinical
applications (Kohlmeier et al., 2016; Mullins, Bresette, Johnstone, Hallmark, &
Chilton, 2020).
Understanding human genetic
variation is essential for studying genetic diseases, developing personalized
medicine, and implementing genome-based dietary interventions. Variants in the
MTHFR gene can affect folate metabolism, increasing the risk of cardiovascular
disease and diabetes(Lietz & Hesketh, 2009). Variations in the BCMO1 gene
can cause differences in plasma carotenoid levels and may lead to clinical
outcomes such as liver steatosis(Zumaraga et al., 2022). Personalized dietary
recommendations that take these genetic differences into account may be
beneficial for improving health outcomes(Kohlmeier et al., 2016). Research on gene–diet
interactions has also extended into maternal and child health, examining issues
such as gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, recurrent
miscarriages, iron deficiency anemia, and excessive weight gain during
pregnancy(Favara, Maugeri, Magnano San Lio, Barchitta, & Agodi, 2024).
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and
Machine Learning (ML) have significant potential in nutrigenomics and
personalized nutrition (PN) by analyzing large and complex datasets. These
technologies can improve assessment and prediction in clinical nutrition, integrate
diverse data sources (such as microbiota and metabolomic profiles), and support
precision nutrition through the development of predictive models. AI and ML can
enhance patient outcomes in designing personalized diet plans based on genetic
data, including weight management and chronic disease prevention. However,
ethical and technical considerations such as data privacy, security, and
algorithmic transparency must be addressed (Singer, Robinson, & Raphaeli, 2024).
In conclusion, moving forward in
this emerging field with a balanced perspective, acknowledging its
transformative potential, and addressing the associated risks in an informed
manner is crucial. When considering the balance between the benefits and risks
of personalized dietary recommendations, it is clear that while the benefits
hold significant promise, the risks cannot be overlooked. Further research is
needed to better understand these interactions and to develop personalized
nutrition strategies based on genetic profiles.
Keywords: Health
Outcomes, Nutrigenomics, Personalized Nutrition