Investigation of Earthquake-Induced Out-of-Plane Collapse Mechanisms in Precast Beams
BUILDINGS (BASEL), cilt.16, sa.19, ss.1-43, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 16 Sayı: 19
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.3390/buildings16193962
- Dergi Adı: BUILDINGS (BASEL)
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Applied Science & Technology Source, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Scopus, Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest), Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Avery, Compendex, INSPEC, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-43
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Out-of-plane (OOP) collapse of precast concrete structures with pinned beam–column connections was repeatedly observed during the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye. These observations indicate that the OOP stability of precast roof systems may be governed not only by the local strength of pinned connections but also by the interaction among purlin connections, roof diaphragm action, and global stabilization mechanisms. This study investigates the OOP collapse behavior of a representative full-scale precast roof system and the mechanical effects of local connection modifications and global stabilizing elements. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model was developed in ABAQUS/Explicit using concrete damage plasticity, elastic–plastic steel models, nonlinear contact interactions, and elastomeric material behavior. Ten structural configurations were analyzed to examine the effects of purlin pin diameter, roof-panel screw connection density, steel plate–nut and elastomeric components, roof diaphragm action, and diagonal bracing. The models were subjected to monotonic OOP lateral loading following the application of self-weight, vertical loading, and prestressing forces. The numerical response was evaluated by comparing local and global load-transfer mechanisms, force–displacement responses, and collapse modes to clarify the roles of the investigated components and connections in the overall OOP behavior of the system. The results show that increasing the purlin pin diameter from 16 to 25 mm produced only a limited increase in OOP capacity, indicating that the global response was not governed solely by pin strength. In contrast, the introduction of roof panels substantially increased the total OOP reaction in the investigated configurations by promoting diaphragm action and redistributing OOP demands among the structural members. The steel plate–nut and elastomeric connection configuration also improved the response by modifying local contact and load-transfer conditions. Among the investigated configurations, the highest total OOP reaction was obtained for the configuration incorporating the diagonal bracing and roof system, which altered the global load-transfer path and limited relative OOP movement and beam rotation. The observed failure mechanisms further indicated a transition from localized concrete crushing and purlin pin demand in the reference configuration toward more distributed system-level load transfer in the strengthened configurations. These numerical results indicate, for the investigated configuration and under the adopted monotonic OOP loading protocol, that OOP stability is governed by the interaction between local connection behavior and global stabilization mechanisms.