Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
TARIM VE HAYVANCILIKTA DEĞİŞEN DİNAMİKLER: İKLİM, TEKNOLOJİ VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK , Yusuf UZUN,Şeyda ÇAVUŞOĞLU,Bulut SARĞIN, Editör, İksad Yayınevi, Ankara, ss.209-226, 2025
Global warming is reshaping the thermal, hydrological, and feed-quality constraints within which ruminant systems operate. Heat exposure depresses intake and productivity, compromises fertility, and increases health risks; meanwhile, drought and forage-quality variability add pressure on nutrient supply chains (Polsky & von Keyserlingk, 2017; West, 2003). For dairy systems, these pressures are already measurable and are projected to intensify over the coming decades. High-frequency datasets and classic syntheses converge on consistent declines in milk yield and composition during hot periods, with carryover effects beyond heat events (St-Pierre, Cobanov, & Schnitkey, 2003; Becker, Collier, & Stone, 2020). Within this context, nutrition plays a two-fold role. As adaptation, feeding strategies aim to sustain intake and rumen function under heat (e.g., ration energy density, DCAD/electrolytes, antioxidant support, water management); as mitigation, diet design lowers greenhouse-gas intensity per unit of product (e.g., improved forage quality, precision protein, lipid/tannin strategies) (Gerber et al., 2013; IPCC, 2021). These levers must be framed against robust nutrient requirements and tolerance data. Authoritative compendia including the modern NASEM dairy requirements and the NRC mineral tolerance monograph guide formulation and safety margins (NASEM, 2021; NRC, 2005). Recent evidence indicates that thresholds for adverse heat responses have shifted downward with higher-producing cows. While a THI of ~72 was historically cited as discomfort, contemporary work places critical responses near THI ≈ 68 for high-yield Holsteins, with observable changes in behavior and output at or below that value (Allen et. al., 2015; Becker et al., 2020). Climate warming intensifies thermal and hydrological constraints in ruminant systems, depressing intake and productivity while raising health and fertility risks. This synthesis integrates nutrition-based adaptation (diet densification; DCAD/electrolytes; amino-acid targeting; antioxidant and water management) with mitigation options that lower greenhouse-gas (GHG) intensity per unit of product (protected lipids, tannins/nitrate where safe, 3‑NOP; manure CH4 controls), framed within life‑cycle assessment (LCA).