Two important issues affecting the Ottoman State in many ways were migration and epidemics in the XIX. Century. Political ambitions of Russia in the Caucasus region started the migration of Caucasian people to Ottoman lands. During this period of massive migration, especially cholera, smallpox, typhoid, syphilis etc. epidemics were seen in both immigrants and residential people. Although migration events wanted to be limited during epidemic periods, full success was not achieved. In addition to migration events that increased the speed of the disease’s spread, immigrants living in large groups in unsanitary conditions increased the lethal effect of the disease. In addition, immigrants acting in large groups caused problems in about ensuring their housing and food. In addition, Russian Muslims who visited pilgrimage during the epidemic diseases that continue on a global scale come to the Ottoman lands and their travels to Hijaz attracted the attention of many countries. For this, besides the measures taken by the Ottoman State, international health conferences were organized. The instructions and treatments published against the epidemic diseases, established the quarantine house, disinfected house, oven machines, the works of quarantine assembly played an important role in the fight against epidemic diseases of the period.