Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
5TH INTERNATIONAL ACHARAKA CONGRESS ON LIFE, ENGINEERING, AND APPLIED SCIENCES, İzmir, Türkiye, 11 - 13 Kasım 2023, ss.14-22
Today, when it comes to wireless communication, the first thing that comes to mind is mobile
communication, which is also known as cellular communication systems.
Mobile communications began with the first generation (1G) technology based on analog
communication in the early 1980s and continues with the fifth generation (5G), which is commercially
available as of 2019. In the last few years, the 5G vision and the associated basic requirements such as
high data speed at multigigabit per second, end-to-end latency of less than 1 ms, need for large capacity in
terms of the number of devices per square kilometer and the number of bits per second per square meter
have been the focus of many researches. 5G systems require large channel capacity for large numbers
of users to run multiple applications. The most commonly used method to increase channel capacity is
the use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays. MIMO systems can support multiple
channels simultaneously, where each antenna element performs separately.
Beamforming is a type of radio frequency (RF) management that directs radio signals to specific
receiving devices. Beamforming is applied to many technologies such as wireless communications,
acoustics, radar and sonar. RF management technology directs radio waves and sound waves to
transmit or receive signals. Instead of sending a signal from a traditional broadcast antenna radiating in
all directions, beamforming uses multiple antennas to broadcast the same signal to a single receiving
device such as a laptop or smartphone. Beamforming techniques are an important method to reduce
interference in mm Wave networks and to tolerate various channel attenuations. Therefore, in this
study, digital, analog and hybrid types of beamforming techniques were examined comprehensively. In
addition, the advantages and disadvantages of beamforming techniques and potential research topics for
these techniques are also presented.