Asian Journal of Control, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
We study a nonlinear (Formula presented.) Hilfer fractional-order delay integro-differential equation ((Formula presented.) Hilfer FrODIDE) that incorporates (Formula presented.) multiple variable time delays. Utilizing the (Formula presented.) Hilfer fractional derivative ((Formula presented.) Hilfer-FrD), we investigate the Ulam–Hyers––Rassias (U–H–R), semi-Ulam–Hyers–Rassias (semi-U–H–R) and Ulam–Hyers (U–H) stability of the considered (Formula presented.) Hilfer FrODIDE through the fixed-point method. Throughout this work, using Banach's fixed-point theorem and the Bielecki norm, we establish three new theorems related to these qualitative concepts. The theorems presented in this work are novel and contribute to the existing literature on the Ulam-type stability of (Formula presented.) Hilfer FrODIDEs.