Research Information System
TOURISM RECREATION RESEARCH, vol.51, no.1, pp.1-12, 2026 (ESCI, Scopus)
In recreation, sustainability includes engaging participants in the structure of offerings andunderstanding their motivations for giving feedback on current conditions and desiredimprovements. This study introduces the Feedback Motivations of Recreation Participants(FMRP) scale, which identifies motivations of recreation participants to give feedback and,consequently, obstacles they encounter when giving feedback. After a comprehensive literaturereview, we identified this gap in recreation sustainability and engagement considerations andaimed to address it by following the methodological steps of scale development. Our researchdesign encompasses item generation, scale refinement and dimensionality, and assessment ofthe scale’s reliability and validity. We utilised literature reviews, participant interviews, andexpert opinions to create the item pool. Then, we validated these statements with survey dataobtained from 86 and 419 recreation participants in universities in Turkey and the USA,respectively. The scale provides a comprehensive tool featuring three dimensions (participantrelated, organiser related, and feedback system related motivations) and a collective 21 items.The study also offers a holistic representation of conditions to monitor by examining theaspects of experience that participants desired during their participation, opening avenues fortheoretical and managerial advancements toward sustainability via participant feedback.