Novel bovine serum albumin–graphene oxide nanoparticles as a fluorescence turn-on sensor for protamine
Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, cilt.103, sa.11, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 103 Sayı: 11
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.jics.2026.103103
- Dergi Adı: Journal of the Indian Chemical Society
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, EMBASE
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Bovine Serum Albumin, Fluorescence turn-on sensor, Graphene oxide (GO), Protamine detection
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study involved the synthesis of a biocompatible nanoparticle for protamine and the development of a fluorescence-based sensor device. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and graphene oxide nanoparticles (BSA-GO)NPs were synthesized and characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. The detection process was monitored using fluorescence spectroscopy on the (BSA-GO)NPs. The fluorescence sensor successfully identified the (BSA-GO)NPs and (BSA-GO)NPs-Protamine using a “turn on” model. The sensor system was demonstrated to be reversible in the presence of heparin. The optimization of this sensor system was assessed using various pH and temperature values. The protamine detection range using the (BSA-GO)NPs system was determined to be 1.25–7.5 μg mL−1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 380 ng mL−1. The sensor system's interference investigations were conducted using four distinct biomolecules and various metal ions. The applicability was evaluated using tap water. All experimental data indicate that protamine detection can be achieved using a (BSA-GO)NPs based sensor system.