Association of serum vitamin D levels with clinical severity and recovery duration in cervical dizziness
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, cilt.27, sa.1, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 27 Sayı: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1186/s12891-026-10119-1
- Dergi Adı: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Directory of Open Access Journals, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Cervical dizziness, Musculoskeletal disorders, Neck pain, Postural stability, Proprioception, Vitamin D deficiency
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Background: Cervical dizziness (CD) is associated with altered cervical musculoskeletal and proprioceptive input, leading to impaired sensorimotor integration and balance control. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to musculoskeletal pain, muscle dysfunction, and impaired postural stability; however, its role in CD remains unclear. Methods: This prospective observational study included 210 patients diagnosed with CD. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured at baseline, and participants were categorized into deficiency (< 20 ng/mL), insufficiency (20–29 ng/mL), and sufficiency (≥ 30 ng/mL) groups. All patients received a standardized multimodal cervical rehabilitation program, with vitamin D supplementation provided to the deficient and insufficient groups. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and Vertigo Dizziness Imbalance questionnaires (VDI-SS and VDI-QOL). Associations between vitamin D levels, baseline symptom severity, and recovery duration were analyzed using correlation, multivariable regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Results: Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with higher baseline NDI, DHI, VDI-SS, and VDI-QOL scores (all p < 0.001), indicating greater symptom severity and functional impairment. Serum 25(OH)D levels showed a strong inverse correlation with recovery duration (rho = -0.77, p < 0.001) and remained associated with a longer recovery duration in multivariable linear regression. ROC analysis demonstrated high discriminatory performance for delayed recovery (AUC = 0.937), with an exploratory optimal threshold of ≤ 17 ng/mL. In exploratory PLS-DA, serum 25(OH)D contributed more to group separation than did age, sex, or BMI. Conclusions: Lower serum vitamin D levels were associated with greater baseline clinical severity and longer recovery duration in patients with CD. These findings suggest that vitamin D status may be clinically relevant in the assessment of disease severity and recovery in this population. Further prospective controlled studies are required to clarify the clinical significance of this association.